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LINGUISTIC VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF CARIOGENIC FOOD FREQUENCY AND ORAL
HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE QUESTIONNAIRES FOR PARENTS OF 6 -
11 YEARS OLD CHILDREN IN KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN
NMRR-17-706-35129

Rosnani N, Ruhaya H, Normastura AR
Introduction: Cariogenic food intake and oral health knowledge, attitude and practices
(KAP) of parents are contributing factors that influence the oral health status of children.
As there is lack of a validated questionnaire in Bahasa Melayu (the Malay language) to
measure the factors, this cross-sectional study was carried out to establish a linguistically
valid and reliable cariogenic food frequency questionnaire (M-CFFQ) and oral health KAP
questionnaire (M-OHKAPQ) in Bahasa Melayu, for parents of children aged 6-11 years in
Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Materials and Methods: Relevant questionnaires in English were
selected and translated to Malay language. This process included forward translation,
synthesis, backward translation and consolidation to produce the preliminary drafts of M-
CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ. pretesting was conducted on ten parents of children from a
primary school in Kota Bharu by face-to-face interview. The findings were reviewed to
produce the final versions of M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ. A test-retest reliability study was
undertaken involving 49 parents. The participants were asked to answer the final M-CFFQ
and M-OHKAPQ versions twice, within a 7-14 days interval. Data collected were entered
into IBM SPSS version 22 software and analysed using the Intraclass Correlation
Coefficient (ICC) test. Results: Semantic, idiomatic, experiential, conceptual as well as
content and face validity issues were successfully resolved. Fifteen categories of
food/drinks for M-CFFQ and 26 items/questions M-OHKAPQ were produced. The total ICC
values achieved for M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ were 0.887 and 0.807, respectively.
Conclusion: The M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ appeared to be linguistically valid and reliable
with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC>0.80).

Published in Malaysia Journal of Nutrition, 25(1): 79-97, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.31246/mjn-2018-0085

Dr Rosnani Ngah
Timur Laut Oral Health District Office
Pulau Pinang
Oral Health Program Ministry of Health Malaysia
Dr Ruhaya Hasan
Prof Dr Normastura Abd Rahman
Department of Dental Public Health
School of Dental Sciences
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia.

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