Page 182 - FINAL COMPENDIUM 2020-2021 27.2.2022

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FERMENTED AND NON-FERMENTED VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
(VCO) AGAINST PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AND AGGREGATIBACTER
ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Ayob Y, Al-Bayaty FH, Hidayat FH
Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of fermented and non-fermented VCO
against P. Gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and A. Actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718).
Materials and methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), VCO
cytotoxicity effect and SEM morphological changes were measured. The selected
concentrations of fermented and non-fermented VCO were 12.5%, 25% and 50%. The
negative control was 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the positive control was 0.12%
chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). After that, the MIC values obtained from the fermented
(3.13%) and non-fermented VCO (1.56%) were used to investigate their safety on normal
human gingival fibroblast cells (hgf) via cytotoxicity test using MTT assay for the duration
of 12, 24 and 48 hours. Samples that exhibit MIC were observed under scanning electron
microscope (SEM). Results: 50% of non-fermented VCO exhibit the highest AST with the
inhibition zone diameter of 14.78±2.59 mm and 14.56±0.88 mm for P. Gingivalis and A.
Actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. AST was observed at all concentrations for non-
fermented VCO and only at a concentration of 50% for fermented VCO. The highest
bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects recorded non-fermented VCO with MIC of 1.56%
on P. Gingivalis and A. Actinomycetemcomitans, MBC of 3.13% on A.
Actinomycetemcomitans while fermented VCO showed MBC 3.13% for P. Gingivalis. The
mics of fermented VCO were 3.13% and 6.25% for P. Gingivalis and A.
Actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. The cytotoxicity test showed the percentage of
viable cells in hgf exposed with fermented VCO, this demonstrated more than 85% at the
3.13% concentration for the duration of 12, 24 and 48 hours. Morphologic configurations
of bacterial cells that were observed under SEM showed alteration in the bacterial cell’s
configuration and cell shrinkage. Conclusion: VCO was proven to exhibit antibacterial
activity against A. Actinomycetemcomitans and P. Gingivalis and would be an added
benefit adjunct to SRD.

Published in Journal of International Dental and Medical Research 13.3 (2020): 969-974

Dr Yuliana binti Ayob
Periodontic Specialist Unit
Pusat Jantung Sarawak
Kota Samarahan, Sarawak
Ministry of Health

Prof. Dr Fouad Hussain Al-Bayaty
Dr Faizal Hafez Bin Hidayat
Centre of Periodontology Studies
Faculty of Dentistry
University Teknologi MARA
Sungai Buloh, Selangor

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